How do you say “arduous” in Vietnamese?

“Arduous” in Vietnamese is gian khổ (hard), chật vật (strenuous).

Vietnamese words for “arduous”

• gian khổListenadjective
  Hanoi [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩] · Saigon [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦]gian level khổ dipping

  hard; difficult; arduous

• chật vậtListenadjective
  Hanoi [t͡ɕət̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ] · Saigon [cək̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨]chật heavy vật heavy

  strenuous; arduous; toilsome

Related Vietnamese words

• gian laoListenadjective

  hard; tough; arduous

• khó khănListenadjective

  difficult; hard

• miệt màiListenadjective

  utterly absorbed; engrossed

Translations matched from English Wiktionary (translation tables and Vietnamese entries, via kaikki.org; CC BY-SA 4.0) and the NgonNgu English–Vietnamese dictionary, reviewed and edited; examples from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR). The Listen button uses your browser's Vietnamese voice.