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to gan

adjective
Hanoi [tɔ˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]Huế [tɔ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]Saigon [tɔ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧] browser voice
Syllables · tones

Each syllable carries one of six tones; the mark on the vowel tells you which. How the six tones sound →

to gan means very audacious.

Also spelled to gan lớn mật — same word, same meaning.

Meanings of to gan in English

Adjective

  1. literal with a big liver and a big gallbladder
  2. figurative very audacious ≈ to ganlớn mật

Etymology

to (“big”) + gan (“liver”) + lớn (“big”) + mật (“gall bladder”). Perhaps calqued from the Chinese-derived can đảm (literally “liver and gallbladder”).

Frequently asked questions

What does to gan mean in English?

to gan (adjective) means "very audacious".

How do you pronounce to gan?

IPA: Hanoi [tɔ˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]; Saigon [tɔ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]. Tones: to — level tone (ngang), gan — level tone (ngang).

Meanings, pronunciation and etymology from English Wiktionary (wiktionary.org, via kaikki.org; CC BY-SA 4.0), reviewed and edited. IPA shown for three accents: Hanoi (Northern), Huế (Central) and Saigon (Southern). The Listen button uses your browser's Vietnamese voice, for reference only. Spotted a mistake? Let NgonNgu know.